The exterior of a Planned Parenthood Reproductive Health Services Center on May 28, 2019 in St Louis (Michael B. Thomas/Getty Images).
A Missouri judge on Friday temporarily struck down several laws that Planned Parenthood clinics have said made access to abortion all but impossible across the state.
Among the laws Jackson County Judge Jerri Zhang blocked include a 72-hour waiting period for an abortion and a mandate that physicians performing abortions have admitting privileges at nearby hospitals.
After more than two years of a near-total abortion ban, Missourians voted to legalize the procedure in November. Planned Parenthood and the ACLU of Missouri immediately sued the state in the hopes of invalidating dozens of abortion regulations they believed were now unconstitutional.
On Friday afternoon, Zhang granted some of Planned Parenthood’s requests and denied others. This means that for the time being at least, some of the state’s strictest “targeted regulation of abortion providers,” or TRAP, laws are not enforceable.
Planned Parenthood clinics in Missouri did not immediately say how soon they may begin offering abortion as a result of the judge’s order.
State officials, including Attorney General Andrew Bailey, agreed Amendment 3 makes null and void the state’s current ban on abortion, which only allows exceptions for medical emergencies.
But during a Dec. 4 hearing, Bailey’s office panned Planned Parenthood’s arguments that current TRAP laws cause irreparable harm and are unnecessary.
The state asked that the case be dismissed, arguing that because abortion is still accessible by mail or by leaving the state, Planned Parenthood didn’t have the standing to ask for an emergency injunction.
In her Friday order, Zhang wrote that, “as plaintiffs argue, they and their patients are suffering serious harm, whereas defendants only stand to lose the ability temporarily to enforce some laws that are likely to be held unconstitutional and which further no valid compelling state interest.”
She went on to temporarily strike down the following TRAP laws as unconstitutional:
- A requirement that physicians providing abortions have admitting privileges at hospitals with obstetric or gynecological care within 30 miles or a 15-minute drive.
- A mandatory 72-hour waiting period between an initial abortion consultation and the abortion procedure.
- The state’s informed consent requirement, which includes access to the state’s informed consent booklet.
- In cases of medication abortions, a requirement that the medication be administered in the presence of the doctor who prescribed it. Planned Parenthood refers to this as a “telemedicine ban,” which prevents doctors from prescribing a medication in-person but allowing the patient to take the medication at home or in the presence of another medical professional.
- A requirement that before administering medication abortion, providers must have a complication plan in place, which includes access to an on-call OB-GYN who is available at any time, in the case of a complication. Zhang wrote that this law was not helpful to those traveling from rural Missouri to an urban Planned Parenthood clinic, for example.
- A law requiring all fetal tissue removed from the uterus during an abortion be sent to a pathologist.
Zhang kept in place the following TRAP laws:
- A requirement that patients must first see a doctor for an in-person appointment to confirm gestational age before prescribing the pills used in medication abortions.
- A law stating that abortions can only be performed by physicians, and not physicians assistants or other advanced practice clinicians.
- A law allowing the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services to place separate regulations and standards that apply to ambulatory surgical centers on abortion clinics. This law also requires clinics to keep a written plan for managing medical emergencies, including a transfer plan for patients to a nearby hospital.
On Nov. 5, Missourians narrowly approved Amendment 3, which states, in part, that “the right to reproductive freedom shall not be denied, interfered with, delayed, or otherwise restricted unless the government demonstrates that such action is justifiable by a compelling governmental interest achieved by the least restrictive means.”
The constitutional amendment officially took effect Dec. 6, though Planned Parenthood leadership in Missouri said abortion services could not be resumed without a judge striking down certain TRAP laws. At that point, abortions would be offered again in Kansas City, Columbia and St. Louis clinics
This story will be updated.